Doctrine & Covenants 110

Visions in the Kirtland Temple
April 3, 1836 • Kirtland Temple, Ohio

Section Overview

Basic Information

Date of Revelation: April 3, 1836

Location: Kirtland Temple, Ohio

Recipients: Joseph Smith and Oliver Cowdery

Verses: 16 verses

Section Summary: The Savior accepts the Kirtland Temple, and Moses, Elias, and Elijah appear to restore priesthood keys for the gathering of Israel, the gospel of Abraham, and sealing powers respectively.

Key Principles

Primary Doctrinal Principle: Priesthood keys are essential for the administration of gospel ordinances

Secondary Principle: Temple worship opens the windows of heaven for divine manifestations

Application Principle: Sacred experiences often follow sacrifice and dedication

Timeframe & Setting

Circumstances Among Recipients

Joseph Smith and Oliver Cowdery had just participated in the solemn assembly and dedication of the Kirtland Temple one week earlier. They were in a state of spiritual preparation and readiness for divine instruction.

Circumstances Within the Church

The Church had just completed its first temple after great sacrifice. Members had given their time, money, and labor despite poverty and persecution. The temple dedication had brought an outpouring of spiritual manifestations.

Relevant Local Circumstances

The Kirtland community was experiencing economic challenges. Despite opposition from local residents, the Saints had succeeded in building a house of the Lord. The temple stood as a beacon of faith amidst trials.

Relevant Global Circumstances

April 3, 1836 was Easter Sunday, and it was also the Jewish Passover season. This timing connected the restoration of keys to both Christian and Jewish sacred calendars, emphasizing themes of deliverance and resurrection.

Purpose of the Revelation

Short Term

To formally accept the temple, restore essential priesthood keys for gathering Israel, and empower the Church's missionary efforts with divine authority.

Long Term

To establish the foundation for all temple work throughout the dispensation, enable the sealing of families for eternity, and prepare for the Second Coming of Christ.

Significance

Short Term

Immediately empowered missionary work with keys of gathering. Validated the sacrifices made to build the temple. Strengthened testimonies of Joseph Smith's divine calling.

Long Term

Enables all temple ordinances performed today. Makes possible the sealing of all human family. Fulfills ancient prophecies about Elijah's return before the Second Coming.

Cultural Insights

Ancient

Elijah's return fulfilled Malachi's prophecy (Malachi 4:5-6). Moses and Elijah appeared with Christ on Mount of Transfiguration. Temple veil imagery connects to ancient temple worship. The "four corners" gathering echoes Paul's revolutionary mission to the Gentiles, when he was commanded in vision to break traditional boundaries and take the gospel to all nations (Acts 22:21). Just as Paul's commission opened the gospel to the non-Jewish world, Moses' keys open the gathering to every kindred, tongue, and people.

Modern

Family history work accelerating worldwide. Temple building unprecedented in history. Technology enabling gathering and family connections globally.

Modern Application

  • Personal Application: Prepare spiritually before temple attendance; seek personal revelation in sacred spaces
  • Family Application: Engage in family history work; teach children about priesthood keys and temple blessings
  • Church Application: Support temple and missionary work; honor priesthood keys held by leaders
  • Community Application: Share family history resources; build bridges through genealogical connections
  • Questions for Personal Study:
    • How can I better prepare to receive revelation in the temple?
    • What sacrifices am I willing to make for temple worship?
    • How do priesthood keys bless my daily life?
    • What can I do to help gather Israel?
    • How can I turn my heart to my fathers and my children?

Key Doctrines

  • Priesthood keys authorize the performance of ordinances
  • Temple acceptance by deity validates sacred space
  • Gathering of Israel is a key sign of the last days
  • Sealing power binds on earth and in heaven
  • Dispensation of the fulness of times unites all previous dispensations

Historical Context

The Setting

One week after the dedication of the Kirtland Temple on March 27, 1836, Joseph Smith and Oliver Cowdery retired to the temple for prayer. It was a Sunday afternoon, coinciding with both Easter and Passover, creating a profound convergence of sacred time.

Key Events Leading to This Revelation

  • March 27, 1836: Kirtland Temple dedicated with heavenly manifestations
  • March 30, 1836: Washing of feet ordinance performed
  • April 3, 1836 morning: Sacrament meeting held in temple
  • April 3, 1836 afternoon: Joseph and Oliver pray behind temple veils

Immediate Circumstances

After assisting with the sacrament, Joseph and Oliver lowered the veils around the Melchizedek Priesthood pulpits on the west side of the temple. In this private, sacred space, they bowed in solemn, silent prayer. The veils provided both physical and symbolic separation from the world.

Key People Involved

  • Joseph Smith: Prophet and President of the Church, receiver of the vision
  • Oliver Cowdery: Second Elder, witness to the vision, scribe of the revelation
  • The Savior: Appeared to accept the temple and forgive sins
  • Moses: Restored keys of gathering of Israel
  • Elias: Committed dispensation of gospel of Abraham
  • Elijah: Restored sealing keys as prophesied by Malachi

Connection to Other Revelations

  • D&C 2: Moroni quotes Malachi about Elijah's mission (September 21, 1823)
  • D&C 109: Dedicatory prayer asking for endowment and divine acceptance
  • D&C 128:17-18: Joseph Smith explains the welding link of sealing power
  • D&C 132: Further explanation of sealing powers and eternal marriage
  • D&C 133: Prophecies about the gathering of Israel fulfilled through these keys

Verse-by-Verse Study Guide

Scripture Text

1 The veil was taken from our minds, and the eyes of our understanding were opened.

2 We saw the Lord standing upon the breastwork of the pulpit, before us; and under his feet was a paved work of pure gold, in color like amber.

3 His eyes were as a flame of fire; the hair of his head was white like the pure snow; his countenance shone above the brightness of the sun; and his voice was as the sound of the rushing of great waters, even the voice of Jehovah, saying:

4 I am the first and the last; I am he who liveth, I am he who was slain; I am your advocate with the Father.

Doctrinal Summary Points

  • Spiritual sight requires the veil being removed from our minds
  • The glorified Christ appears in His temple with divine glory
  • Christ identifies Himself through His roles: Alpha/Omega, Living One, Redeemer, Advocate

Hebrew and Greek Terms

Cross-References

Reflection Questions

  • What prevents the veil from being removed from our minds?
  • How does this description of Christ compare to other scripture accounts?
  • What does it mean personally that Christ is our advocate?

Teaching Points

  • Spiritual experiences require spiritual preparation
  • Christ appears to those who build temples to His name
  • The Savior's advocacy is active and ongoing

Scripture Text

5 Behold, your sins are forgiven you; you are clean before me; therefore, lift up your heads and rejoice.

6 Let the hearts of your brethren rejoice, and let the hearts of all my people rejoice, who have, with their might, built this house to my name.

7 For behold, I have accepted this house, and my name shall be here; and I will manifest myself to my people in mercy in this house.

8 Yea, I will appear unto my servants, and speak unto them with mine own voice, if my people will keep my commandments, and do not pollute this holy house.

9 Yea the hearts of thousands and tens of thousands shall greatly rejoice in consequence of the blessings which shall be poured out, and the endowment with which my servants have been endowed in this house.

10 And the fame of this house shall spread to foreign lands; and this is the beginning of the blessing which shall be poured out upon the heads of my people. Even so. Amen.

Doctrinal Summary Points

  • Temple worship brings personal forgiveness and cleansing
  • The Lord formally accepts temples built by sacrifice
  • Divine manifestations are conditional upon worthiness
  • Temple blessings extend to countless generations

Hebrew and Greek Terms

Cross-References

Reflection Questions

  • What sacrifices are required for the Lord to accept our offerings?
  • How can we avoid polluting holy places?
  • What blessings have come to you through temple worship?

Teaching Points

  • Sacrifice brings forth blessings of heaven
  • Temple blessings multiply across generations
  • Worthiness maintains access to divine manifestations

Scripture Text

11 After this vision closed, the heavens were again opened unto us; and Moses appeared before us, and committed unto us the keys of the gathering of Israel from the four parts of the earth, and the leading of the ten tribes from the land of the north.

Doctrinal Summary Points

  • Moses, who led the original exodus, returns to authorize the final gathering
  • Gathering keys enable worldwide missionary work
  • The ten tribes will return as prophesied

Hebrew and Greek Terms

Cross-References

Reflection Questions

  • How does missionary work relate to the keys Moses restored?
  • How does the gathering from "four parts of the earth" parallel Paul's mission to the Gentiles?
  • What barriers need to be broken today, like Paul broke the Jew-Gentile barrier?
  • What is my role in the gathering of Israel?
  • How are the lost tribes being gathered today?

Teaching Points

  • Every convert is part of the gathering of Israel from the four corners
  • Moses' keys parallel Paul's vision to include Gentiles - the gospel is for ALL nations
  • The "four parts of the earth" represents universal inclusion, not limited geography
  • Temple work gathers Israel on both sides of the veil
  • Just as Paul broke barriers between Jew and Gentile, these keys break all national boundaries
  • The gathering accelerates as the Second Coming approaches

Scripture Text

12 After this, Elias appeared, and committed the dispensation of the gospel of Abraham, saying that in us and our seed all generations after us should be blessed.

Doctrinal Summary Points

  • The Abrahamic covenant is renewed in this dispensation
  • Eternal marriage and family are central to exaltation
  • Through temple covenants, we become the seed of Abraham

Hebrew and Greek Terms

Cross-References

Reflection Questions

  • What is the "gospel of Abraham"?
  • How do temple marriages relate to the Abrahamic covenant?
  • In what ways can my family bless all nations?

Teaching Points

  • Temple marriage is essential to receiving Abraham's blessings
  • Through faithfulness, we literally become Abraham's seed
  • Our posterity inherits covenant blessings through our faithfulness

Scripture Text

13 After this vision had closed, another great and glorious vision burst upon us; for Elijah the prophet, who was taken to heaven without tasting death, stood before us, and said:

14 Behold, the time has fully come, which was spoken of by the mouth of Malachi—testifying that he [Elijah] should be sent, before the great and dreadful day of the Lord come—

15 To turn the hearts of the fathers to the children, and the children to the fathers, lest the whole earth be smitten with a curse—

16 Therefore, the keys of this dispensation are committed into your hands; and by this ye may know that the great and dreadful day of the Lord is near, even at the doors.

Doctrinal Summary Points

  • Elijah fulfills Malachi's ancient prophecy precisely
  • Sealing power prevents the earth from being cursed/wasted
  • Family history work is essential to God's plan
  • These keys signal the approaching Second Coming

Hebrew and Greek Terms

Cross-References

Reflection Questions

  • Why was Passover/Easter 1836 the appointed time for Elijah's return?
  • How has my heart turned to my ancestors?
  • What would happen to earth without sealing power?
  • How do these keys prepare us for Christ's return?

Teaching Points

  • Family history work is not optional but essential
  • Temple sealings create an unbroken chain through all dispensations
  • The restoration of sealing keys marks the final dispensation
  • Christ's Second Coming is "near, even at the doors"

Word Studies

VEIL (verse 1)

Hebrew: macak (מָסָך) - "covering, screen"

Greek: katapetasma (καταπέτασμα) - "curtain, that which is spread out"

Latin: velum - "sail, covering, curtain"

Etymology: From Latin velum meaning "sail, curtain, covering"

Webster 1828: A cover; a disguise; that which conceals

Temple Context: The removal of the veil represents transition from temporal to spiritual sight, echoing the temple veil that separated the Holy of Holies

KEYS (verses 11, 16)

Hebrew: maphteach (מַפְתֵּחַ) - "opener, key"

Greek: kleis (κλείς) - "key, authority to open and close"

Latin: clavis - "key, means of access"

Etymology: From Old English cæg meaning "key, solution"

Webster 1828: An instrument for opening; that which serves to open or explain

Priesthood Context: Divine authorization to act in God's name, binding on earth and heaven

DISPENSATION (verses 12, 16)

Hebrew: pequddah (פְּקֻדָּה) - "oversight, charge"

Greek: oikonomia (οἰκονομία) - "administration, stewardship"

Latin: dispensatio - "management, distribution"

Etymology: From Latin dispensare meaning "to distribute by weight"

Webster 1828: Distribution; the dealing of God to his creatures

Gospel Context: A period of divine administration through authorized servants

ENDOWMENT (verse 9)

Hebrew: labash (לָבַשׁ) - "to put on, wear, clothe"

Greek: enduo (ἐνδύω) - "to sink into, put on, clothe"

Latin: induo - "to put on, assume"

Etymology: From Latin dotare meaning "to endow, provide with a dowry"

Webster 1828: To furnish with a portion; to enrich with gifts

Temple Context: Spiritual power and knowledge given through sacred ordinances

ADVOCATE (verse 4)

Hebrew: luwts (לוּץ) - "mediator, interpreter"

Greek: parakletos (παράκλητος) - "one called alongside to help"

Latin: advocatus - "one called to aid"

Etymology: From Latin advocare meaning "to call to one's aid"

Webster 1828: One who pleads the cause of another before a tribunal

Christ's Role: Our mediator who pleads our cause before the Father

FOUR PARTS/CORNERS (verse 11)

Hebrew: kanaph (כָּנָף) - "extremity, edge, wing, corner"

Greek: gonia (γωνία) - "corner, quarter, secret place"

Latin: quattuor anguli - "four corners"

Etymology: From Latin cornu meaning "horn, end, boundary"

Webster 1828: The point where two lines meet; an extremity

Gospel Context: Represents universal inclusion - all nations, kindreds, tongues, and peoples. Parallels Paul's revolutionary mission to break the Jewish-Gentile barrier and take salvation to every nation (Acts 22:21, Ephesians 3:6)

Cross-References

Old Testament References

New Testament References

Doctrine and Covenants References

Pearl of Great Price References

Teaching Applications

For Personal Study

  • Study the roles of Moses, Elias, and Elijah in scripture to understand their missions
  • Prepare spiritually before temple attendance to receive personal revelation
  • Research family history to understand how sealing keys bless your family
  • Ponder how priesthood keys affect your daily life and spiritual progress
  • Study the timing (Easter/Passover) and its significance for the restoration

For Family Home Evening

Activity Ideas:

  • Create a timeline showing the restoration of priesthood keys
  • Share family history stories and discuss eternal families
  • Role-play the appearances of heavenly messengers (reverently)
  • Make a family tree showing how hearts turn to fathers

For Teaching Youth

  • Use visual aids showing the Kirtland Temple and pulpit design
  • Connect missionary work to Moses' keys of gathering
  • Emphasize how temple and family history work prevents earth's curse
  • Share appropriate temple experiences to build testimonies
  • Discuss how youth can participate in gathering Israel

For Sacrament Meeting

Talk Outline Suggestions:

  1. Begin with the significance of April 3, 1836 (Easter/Passover)
  2. Explain the three messengers and their specific keys
  3. Share how these keys bless us today through temples and missionary work
  4. Bear testimony of living prophets who hold these keys
  5. Challenge congregation to participate in temple and family history work

For Missionary Work

  • Explain how priesthood keys authorize baptism and other ordinances
  • Teach about eternal families through sealing power
  • Show how the restoration fulfills biblical prophecies
  • Testify of continuing revelation through authorized servants

Questions for Class Discussion

  1. Why do you think the Lord chose Easter/Passover for this vision?
  2. How do the keys restored by Moses affect missionary work today?
  3. How does the gathering from "four parts of the earth" connect to Paul's mission to include Gentiles in the gospel?
  4. What barriers existed between Jews and Gentiles that Paul had to overcome, and what barriers exist today?
  5. What is the "gospel of Abraham" and how does it relate to temple marriage?
  6. How does family history work "turn hearts" between generations?
  7. What evidence do we see that Christ's coming is "near, even at the doors"?
  8. How can we avoid "polluting" the temple as mentioned in verse 8?
  9. What sacrifices are we willing to make for temple worship?

Practical Applications

This Week's Challenges:

  • Schedule temple attendance within the next month
  • Add one ancestor to FamilySearch
  • Share the gospel with one person (gathering of Israel)
  • Write in your journal about a temple experience
  • Teach family members about priesthood keys